Backed up synonym的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列免費下載的地點或者是各式教學

探索斑腿樹蛙腸道菌以及其網絡關係

為了解決Backed up synonym的問題，作者翁正軒 這樣論述：

The concerted activity of intestinal microbes is crucial to the health and development of their host organisms. Studies have suggested that microbial assemblages in the intestine of animals are engines of globally important host physiological processes between hibernating and non-hibernating states

. The advances in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies facilitate our understanding of gut microbiota with high resolutions in diversity and metabolic functioning between hibernating and non-hibernating seasons. Polypedates megacephalus is an invasive species in Taiwan since 2006. The appro

ach of habitat usage and population dispersal of this invasive treefrogs across seasons have suggested a rapid expansion across counties in Taiwan. However, it still lacks an effective solution to control the expansion of invasive P. megacephalus. Due to the reciprocal interactions between gut micro

biota and host physiology, I attempt to explore gut microbiota of P. megacephalus, decipher microbial interactions to understand the potential mechanisms of microbial ecosystem, and further manipulate host response by modulating gut microbiota according to the guidance by computational network analy

sis. This study not only delineated seasonal changes of gut microbiota in composition and metabolic functioning but demonstrated the potentials of computational network inference toward practical applications on animal systems.The compositional and predicted functional changes of gut microbiota acro

ss non-hibernating and artificial hibernating seasons were identified based on 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. The abundance profile and predicted functions of microbial community significantly change between artificial hibernating (AH) and non-hibernating (NH) treefrogs. Artificial hibernation signific

antly reduces microbial diversity and the level of Firmicutes and increases the level of Proteobacteria in the treefrog gut microbiota. In addition, AH treefrogs harbor core taxonomic units that are rarely abundant in NH treefrogs. Moreover, artificial hibernation significantly increased relative ab

undance of red-leg syndrome-related genera such as Citrobacter and Aeromonas. Functional predictions via PICRUSt and Tax4Fun suggested that artificial hibernation has effects on most pathways including metabolism and signal transduction. These results suggest that artificial hibernation restructure

gut microbiota in treefrogs and significantly reduce microbial complexity of gut microbiome.The use of computational methods to decipher microbial interactions have been applied on microbiome data in a time-series fashion. A time-series microbiome data could monitor the population changes of each ba

cterium in the community over time. Due to the adjustable gut microbiome complexity of hibernating animals, the growth microbiome time-series (GMT) dataset is proposed to apply on the computational network inference methods. Among varieties of network inference tools, regression-based network model

is selected and utilized due to its better performance tested by using in silico dataset. Lotka-Volterra models, also known as predator–prey equations, are the most currently used regression-based method, and predict both dynamics of microbial communities and how communities are structured and susta

ined. The interaction network of gut microbiota at the genus level in the treefrog was constructed using Metagenomic Microbial Interaction Simulator (MetaMIS) package. The interaction network contained 1,568 commensal, 1,737 amensal, 3,777 mutual, and 3,232 competitive relationships, e.g., Lactococc

us garvieae has a commensal relationship with Corynebacterium variabile. To validate the interacting relationships, I took advantage of probiotic system to evaluate the responses of gut microbiota to the probiotic trials. The trials involved different groups including single strain (L. garvieae, C.

variabile, and Bacillus coagulans, respectively) and a combination of L. garvieae, C. variabile, and B. coagulans, because of the cooperative relationship among their respective genera identified in the interaction network. After a two-week trial, the combination of cooperative microbes yielded sign

ificantly higher probiotic concentrations than single strains, and the immune response (interleukin-10 expression) also significantly changed in a manner consistent with improved probiotic effects.

影響中國安全戰略的因素分析與評估─以國防安全為選項的時間序列迴歸分析

為了解決Backed up synonym的問題，作者景國華 這樣論述：

摘 要 中國崛起受到國際政治的關注，已是不爭的事實；它的崛起是如何辦到的？它憑甚麼又要和平又可以崛起？崛起大國與現存霸主必然會發生衝突？這不僅是中國國家安全的議題，更涉及到其國家安全戰略的擘劃與執行。本文研究題旨是影響中國安全戰略的因素分析與評估，對其內部環境影響因素的分析，發現中國國防安全是其國家安全議題的重中之重，是國家解決政治、經濟、軍事、外交、科技安全問題的先決條件，是中國國家安全的代名詞；故研究範圍選擇國防安全作為量化研究的變項。研究架構則以中國國家安全戰略發展為經，以1996年「台海危機」後，中國領導人在國家安全戰略的指導為緯；對國家安全外部環境最大威脅來源，以美國為

假想敵。針對中國現階段國家安全戰略發展議題，予以相對應的理論與驗證，試圖理解中國安全戰略發展進程中，其在「和戰兩手策略」運用上的常與變。 文獻分析得知，中國在國家安全戰略論述上，強調發展具有中國社會主義特色的理論體系，但綜觀中國安全戰略思維的轉化，仍以國家主權安全利益為首要、權力平衡為著眼、相互依存為認知、協調合作為手段、軍事強權為基石，追求其國家核心利益與安全的雙重保障，未脫離西方主流安全戰略研究理論範疇；故本文採現實主義研究途徑，以中國國防安全為後盾、追求國家權力、維護安全利益為核心觀點。參酌國際政治研究有關大國崛起影響國際格局的相關理論，包括衝突理論、均勢理論、國際合作理論、國際安

全理論等，針對中國崛起的國家安全戰略發展研提八項假設，作為相關理論驗證依據。本文嘗試使用量化與質性研究結合的方法，以質性研究為主導，採歷史文獻分析法以及定質的內容分析法，企圖經由研究資料內容的意義，進而了解資料之背景、產生內容的條件及資料內容的真正意圖。在量化研究上，採時間序列分析的迴歸技術，擇取中國自1996年後有關政治、經濟、外交、軍事、科技等面向可量化數據，及其與美國較量的相關事實序列資料，建立可以預測的數學模型，進而對其國家安全的影響因素進行分析與評估，藉以檢驗中國現階段安全戰略與理論間的關聨性，期有助於補強本研究的信度與效度。本研究結論得知中國的安全戰略發展脈絡，關鍵期是冷戰結束後，

中國領導集體在全球化國際間的相互依存、合作協商趨勢下，「宏觀調控」國內改革開放後的經濟穩定成長，國家綜合實力逐年增強，使中國的「崛起」已成為一個無法迴避的世界性課題。另在量化分析上，從第六章所建構的中國國防實力的廻歸預測模型，以及第七章所呈現出美中兩國在國防預算、經濟實力、國家科技人才等問題的比較與預測；整體實踐的檢證結果，不難體察出中國領導階層對於國家實力增長的發展策略，逐漸從「量」的發展，朝向「質」的轉變，充分體現依循「理性決策模式」的結果。從國家安全戰略理性抉擇的角度觀之，對於中國領導階層的治國成就，或可稱之謂具全球化治國理念的「政治CEO」領導集體。關鍵詞：崛起大國、國家安全戰略、國防

安全、權力平衡、現實主義