BS degree的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列免費下載的地點或者是各式教學

Innovating in Healthcare: Creating Breakthrough Services, Products, and Business Models

為了解決BS degree的問題，作者Herzlinger, Regina E. 這樣論述：

Create breakthrough services, products, and business modelsInnovating in Health Care offers effective approaches for designing, reworking, and implementing innovative healthcare services, products, and business models. It will help anyone working in healthcare service or product development, from ho

spitals to startups, to question the status quo in healthcare and implement new solutions that lower costs while increasing both quality and access.Globally, healthcare faces a threefold crisis of unsustainable economics, erratic quality, and unequal access. Just in the U.S., healthcare accounted fo

r 18% of the 2017 GDP and will likely reach nearly 20% by 2025, while hospital-induced deaths have skyrocketed, and tens of millions of people remain uninsured. This book will focus on creating the innovations in healthcare that can meet these needs.- Written by the world''s leading authority on hea

lthcare innovation - Includes success stories in every segment of the health care sector - Presents and applies the Six Factors in the environment that critically affect healthcare innovation- Guides the reader through tailoring a business plan specifically for the new businessDesigned for healthca

re executives, providers, and degree students, Innovating in Health Care is a comprehensive guide for maximizing the viability of a new healthcare product, service, or business. Regina E. Herzlinger is the Nancy R. McPherson Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. She

was the first woman to be tenured and chaired at Harvard Business School and the first to serve on many corporate health care/medical technology boards. She initiated the courses in health care at HBS and was the first faculty member to be selected by the students as their best instructor. In 2018,

she was awarded the prestigious ACHE Honorary Fellowship which represents the leaders of America’s hospitals and was 1 of the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare - World Edition by Grupo Midia. In 2014, she launched a Harvard MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), on Innovating in Health Care and

in 2013, a continuing series of conferences, ＂21st-Century Health Care Management Education: Confronting Challenges for Innovation with a Modern Curriculum,＂ sponsored by a group she formed, GENiE (Global Educators Network for Health Care Innovation Education), which has supported the many schools t

hat have introduced courses/programs on Innovating in Health Care. Regi earned her BS degree at MIT and her Doctorate at HBS.

BS degree進入發燒排行的影片

肝臟特異性的核磁共振顯影劑(Gd-EOB-DTPA)和核磁共振彈性影像(MR Elastography)在肝癌的診斷價值

為了解決BS degree的問題，作者王怡珺 這樣論述：

背景 目前肝癌在國內致死癌症排名在男性及女性分別為第一名及第三名，影像學在肝癌診斷中扮演很重要的角色。如果在顯影劑注射的影像（顯影劑超音波、電腦斷層、磁振造影）三種有一種有典型影像，即可診斷為肝癌，不再需要病理確診。腹部超音波掃描方便、不具侵襲性，但掃描範圍較侷限，比較適合肝癌篩檢。電腦斷層或磁振造影檢查，對於肝腫瘤的性質可提供進一步的訊息，像是檢查肝外的淋巴結或腹腔內的大血管有沒有受到侵害。磁振造影檢查因為沒有輻射線且有些研究認為比電腦斷層有更高的靈敏度和診斷準確性，所以磁振造影被認為是一個更好的診斷工具。但當傳統磁振造影顯影劑動態影像造影(Dynamic study)呈現非典型肝癌，使用

新的肝臟特異性的磁振造影顯影劑 (Gd-EOB-DTPA)，肝膽影像（Hepatobiliary phase, 延遲20分鐘影像）呈現低訊號 (hypointensity)來診斷肝癌，另一方面使用核磁共振彈性影像 (MR Elastography)，量測肝臟腫瘤的彈性係數加以分析，良性腫瘤與惡性腫瘤的彈性係數是否有統計學上的顯著差異，以期能夠作為磁振造影的輔助工具。以達到肝癌早期發現、早期治療的目的。方法 第一個研究為了評估新的肝臟特異性的磁振造影顯影劑(Gd-EOB-DTPA)，肝膽影像（Hepatobiliary phase）呈現低訊號來診斷肝癌的價值，以回溯性方式自2009年1月至201

4年12月連續收錄約50名接受過二次以上顯影劑腹部磁振造影影像檢查，第二次檢查使用肝臟特異性核磁共振顯影劑 (Gd-EOB-DTPA)，打顯影劑之腹部磁振造影檢查之病患，依病灶選取標準收錄尺寸大於1公分以上之肝臟病灶，若為惡性病灶，須經由病理切片或合乎AASLD(美國肝病協會)訂立之標準肝癌(HCC)影像者，若為良性病灶，則必須有病理切片或接受至少兩年的影像追蹤證實。並將肝臟病灶區分為再生不良結節(Dysplastic nodule)及肝癌（HCC）兩大類。分別記錄打藥前T1,T2腫瘤的訊號和打藥後顯影模式，打藥前和肝實質比較分為低 (hypointense)，同 (isointense)，或

高 ( hyperintense)。打藥後顯影模式和肝實質比較分為低度 (hypovascular), 同 (isovascular)，和高度( hypervascular)顯影。第二個研究，評估核磁共振彈性影像 (MR Elastography)，分別量測肝臟腫瘤的彈性係數加以分析，是否能成為診斷肝癌的輔助工具，以回溯性方式收集自2013年4月至2017年2月共約109名接受過顯影劑腹部磁振造影影像以及核磁共振彈性影像 (MR Elastography) 檢查，並分別量測局部肝臟病灶以及肝臟實質的硬度 (shear stiffness)，以手動的方式在肝臟腫瘤和肝臟實質的地方畫出區域 (Re

gion of Interest)，並分析肝臟腫瘤在核磁共振彈性影像的表現並且評估是否和肝癌細胞分化有關。結果 Dysplastic nodule 和 HCC 在 T2WI 上的高信號、T1WI 上的低信號、動脈影像上的顯影、動態影像上的典型 HCC 顯影模式、肝膽影像呈現低訊號和 DWI 上的高信號方面存在顯著差異。T2WI的敏感性和特異性分別為79.3%和83.3%，T1WI為50.0%和80.0%，DWI為82.8%和76.7%，動態影像為17.2%和100%，以及肝膽影像的93.1%和83.3%，當動脈影像上的顯影和肝膽影像呈現低訊號時為46.8% 和 100%。惡性腫瘤比起良性腫瘤和

正常肝臟實質有較高的硬度（shear stiffness）(5.98kPa (95% CI, 5.50 – 6.50) vs. 3.33kPa (95% CI, 2.95 – 3.73 vs. 3.53kPa (95% CI, 3.23 – 3.84) (p

Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents: Military Chemical and Toxic Industrial Agents

為了解決BS degree的問題，作者Ellison, D. Hank 這樣論述：

D. Hank Ellison served in the United States Army as a chemical officer and has worked for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as both a remedial project manager and federal on-scene coordinator under the Superfund Program. He currently is president of Cerberus & Associates, Inc., a consulting f

irm that specializes in response to technological disasters. As a private consultant, Ellison has responded to hazardous material incidents involving highly poisonous materials, chemical fires, water reactive substances, and shock-sensitive materials throughout the state of Michigan. He has provided

chemical and biological counterterrorism training to members of emergency medical service (EMS) units, hazardous materials (hazmat) teams, police special weapons and tactics (SWAT) teams, and explosive ordinance disposal (EOD) teams. During the anthrax events of 2001, he helped state and local gove

rnments as well as Fortune 500 companies to develop and implement response plans for biological threats. He currently advises clients on issues of hazardous materials, and related safety and security concerns.He also served as a safety officer and then the training officer for the United States Depa

rtment of Health and Human Services DMORT-WMD emergency response team, which has the primary mission for recovery and decontamination of fatalities contaminated with radiological, biological or chemical materials. He deployed with the team to New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Mr.

Ellison holds an MS degree in chemistry from the University of California, Irvine. His graduate research involved methods to synthesize poisons extracted from Colombian poison-dart frogs. He holds a BS in chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology. In addition to his works on weapons of mass

destruction, he is the author of Chemical Warfare During the Vietnam War: Riot Control Agents in Combat, published in 2011, as well as a chapter on the hazardous properties of materials in Managing Hazardous Materials: A Definitive Text published in 2002.

KCNJ5體細胞突變在原發性皮質醛酮症單側腺瘤患者的心臟血管系統結構與功能的角色

為了解決BS degree的問題，作者張藝耀 這樣論述：

原發性皮質醛酮症(primary aldosteronism, PA)是次發性高血壓疾病中最常見的，其致病機轉為腎上腺腫瘤或不正常增生而產生過量的皮質醛酮所致，盛行率約佔所有高血壓患者的 5-10%。單側皮質醛酮腺瘤(aldosterone producing adenoma; APA)是原發性皮質醛酮症的兩大主要亞型之一，此類型的病症可藉由切除腎上腺獲得痊癒。這些不正常產生的過量皮質醛酮會造成心臟結構的改變和傷害，包含左心室心肌肥厚、心肌纖維化、左心室舒張功能異常、以及血管硬化。在過去研究中，發現 PA 患者有相較於原發性高血壓(essential hypertension, EH)患者有

較嚴重的左心室心肌肥厚、心肌纖維化以及較差的左心室舒張功能。而 APA 的發生在近年研究發現與體細胞突變發生相關，其中又以 KCNJ5 最常見，一旦突變會造成CYP11B2 基因過度活化使皮質醛酮合成酶(aldosterone synthase)的製造增加，進而造成皮質醛酮產出過剩而導致原發性皮質醛酮症。有 KCNJ5 突變的 APA 患者在亞洲(台灣、日本)有高達約 55-75%的 APA 病患有 KCNJ5 基因突變，但在西方國家則僅約 25-50%患者有突變，顯現 KCNJ5 基因突變在東西方族群有不同的臨床表徵。目前發現有 KCNJ5 體細胞突變患者較年輕，術前皮質醛酮濃度較高，術後血

壓恢復正常的比例較多，但性別差異和腫瘤大小差異則在歐洲團隊的研究較顯著。而 KCNJ5 突變對於心臟血管系統的影響過往僅有較零星的研究，對於左心室心肌肥厚的影響結果仍分歧，而對於心臟舒張功能以及開刀治療後血管硬度變化的研究更是稀少或無定論，其中可能的重要原因在於 KCNJ5 體基因有突變的患者年紀較輕且主要為女性，血壓亦有一定的差距，這些因素皆對心肌與血管的結構和功能有相當影響。因此本研究希望藉由較足夠的病患總量，藉由傾向分數匹配(propensity score matching)的統計方式，排除年紀、性別、以及血壓等干擾因子的影響，減少組間個案基本資料的落差，來探討 KCNJ5 突變對於心

臟結構(心肌質量指數[LVMI，left ventricular mass index]，及不適當過度增加的左心室質量指數[ieLVMI，inappropriate excess LVMI])、左心室舒張功能(e’與 E/e’)、以及動脈血管硬度(baPWV，brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity)的影響，並追蹤其開刀一年後的變化。在第一部分心臟結構與功能方面的研究，發現在年紀、性別、血壓嚴重程度作配對後，有 KCNJ5 突變的原發性皮質醛酮患者，其左心室質量指數(LVMI)仍較沒突變的患者高，且其增加的左心室心肌質量的組成中，不適當過度增加的左心室質量指數(ie

LVMI，代表除血壓外其他因子所造成的左心室肥厚變化)，有KCNJ5 突變患者的 ieLVMI 仍顯著高於沒有突變的患者，顯示有突變的患者其較高的皮質醛酮濃度可能會造成除卻血壓影響外的左心室增厚，且 LVMI 和ieLVMI 與 KCNJ5 突變顯著相關。開刀後，有 KCNJ5 突變的患者其開刀前後的LVMI 以及 ieLVMI 均顯著下降，而 E/e’亦顯著下降，顯示舒張功能的改善；這些變化在沒有突變的患者均無顯著改變。而 LVMI 和 ieLVMI 的術後的降幅與KCNJ5 突變顯著相關。因此 KCNJ5 突變對皮質醛酮患者心臟結構和舒張功能及其術後恢復均具有顯著的影響。在第二部分血管功能

方面的研究，發現在年紀、性別、血壓嚴重程度作配對後，有 KCNJ5 突變的原發性皮質醛酮患者，其baPWV 與沒有突變的患者無明顯差異，但開刀術後 baPWV 的降幅，有突變的患者顯著大於沒有突變的患者，且術後 baPWV 的降幅經年紀、性別、血壓嚴重度的校正後仍與 KCNJ5 突變顯著相關。因此 KCNJ5 突變對術後的血管硬度恢復有顯著影響。高血壓影響心血管健康甚鉅，而原發性皮質醛酮症本身是一種可治癒的高血壓疾病，KCNJ5 體基因突變為單側皮質醛酮腺瘤在亞洲族群常見且重要的致病機轉，本研究結果有助於了解 KCNJ5 突變在原發性皮質醛酮症患者中對心臟結構、舒張功能、以及血管硬度的影響。