A universal scale of的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列免費下載的地點或者是各式教學

Peace and Conflict 2018

為了解決A universal scale of的問題，作者Backer, David (EDT)/ Bhavnani, Ravinder (EDT)/ Huth, Paul (EDT) 這樣論述：

An authoritative source of information on violent conflicts and peacebuilding processes around the world, Peace and Conflict is an annual publication of the University of Maryland's Center for International Development and Conflict Management and the Graduate Institute of International and Developme

nt Studies (Geneva).The contents of the 2018 edition are divided into three sections: Global Patterns and Trends provides an overview of recent advances in scholarly research on various aspects of conflict and peace, as well as chapters on armed conflict, violence against civilians, non-state armed

actors, democracy and ethnic exclusion, terrorism, defense spending and arms production and procurement, peace agreements, state repression, foreign aid, and the results of the Peace & Conflict Instability Ledger, which ranks the status and progress of more than 160 countries based on their forecast

ed risk of future instability.Special Feature spotlights work on measuring micro-level welfare effects of exposure to conflict. Profiles has been enlarged to survey developments in instances of civil wars, peacekeeping missions, and international criminal justice proceedings that were active around

the world during 2015.Frequent visualizations of data in full-color, large-format tables, graphs, and maps bring the analysis to life and amplify crucial developments in real-world events and the latest findings in research.The contributors include many leading scholars in the field from the US and

Europe. EDITORSDavid A. Backer is a Research Associate Professor and Assistant Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management, as well as Director of the Minor in International Development and Conflict Management, at the University of Maryland. His research focuses on

conflict dynamics and post-conflict processes. He is Co-Director of the West Africa Transitional Justice Project and the Constituency-Level Elections Archive.Ravi Bhavnani　is a Professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Switzerland). His research explores the micr

o-foundations of violence, examining the endogenous relationships among the characteristics, beliefs, and interests of relevant actors, as well as social mechanisms and emergent structures that shape attitudes, decision making, and behavior. He uses agent-based modeling and disaggregated empirical d

ata to link theoretical conjectures to concrete evidence, thereby identifying processes that tend to generate specific outcomes.Paul K. Huth is a Professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland and Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management. He is

also editor of the Journal of Conflict Resolution. He has published books and widely in journals on subjects related to the study of international conflict and war, including deterrence behavior, crisis decision making, territorial disputes, the democratic peace, international law and dispute resol

ution, and the civilian consequences of war.CONTRIBUTORSCaroline Bergeron is the Partnership Associate at AidData and a mediator, certified by the Commonwealth of Virginia. Her academic interests include conflict analysis, conflict resolution methods, conflict prevention, negotiation and transitiona

l justice in the international system. She holds a BA in Psychology from the University of Virginia.Nils-Christian Bormann is a Lecturer at the University of Exeter. Research interests include ethnic coalitions, horizontal inequality, and civil wars. His work has been published with or is forthcomin

g in the Journal of Conflict Resolution, the Journal of Peace Research, and Electoral Studies. He received his PhD from ETH Zürich in 2014.Tilman Brück is Professor and Team Leader - Development Economics at IGZ - Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Horticultural Crops near Berlin. He is also the Fo

under and Director of the ISDC - International Security and Development Center in Berlin, Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), and the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the Households in Conflict Network (HiCN), a global research network. His research interes

ts focus on the economics of household behavior and well-being in conflict-affected and fragile economies, including the measurement of violence and conflict in household surveys and the impact evaluation of peace-building programs in conflict-affected areas and of humanitarian assistance. He studie

d economics at Glasgow University and Oxford University and obtained his PhD in economics from Oxford University.Halvard Buhaug is Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Director of PRIO’s Conditions of Violence and Peace department; Professor of Political Science at the Nor

wegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research. He leads and has directed research projects on security dimensions of climate change and geographic aspects of armed conflict. Recent publications include the co-authored Inequality, Grievances

, and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and journal articles in Global Environmental Change, International Security, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Political Geography, and PNAS. He is the recipient of the 2015 Karl Deutsch Award and an ERC Consolidator Grant.Lars-Erik Cederman is Profes

sor of International Conflict Research, ETH Zürich. His interests include nationalism, ethnic conflict, democratization, and state formation. He is the (co-)author of Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States Develop and Dissolve (Princeton University Press, 1997), Inequality, Grievances and Civ

il War (Cambridge University Press, 2013), and recent articles in the American Political Science Review, International Organization, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, and World Politics.Deniz Cil is a PhD candidate in Government and Politics at the University of Maryland and

a Research Assistant on a project, funded by the Minerva Initiative of the US Department of Defense, to study the effect of foreign aid on different phases of civil conflict. Her main research focuses on the implementation of peace agreements following civil wars, and explores variation in the degr

ee of implementation and the factors that incentivize parties to continue implementation. She also works on peace process outcomes, peace duration, and civilian organization in wartime.David E. Cunningham is an Associate Professor in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Mar

yland and a Research Associate at the Peace Research Institute Oslo. His research focuses on civil war, conflict bargaining, conflict management and international security. He is the author of Barriers to Peace in Civil Wars (Cambridge University Press, 2011), as well as articles in the American Jou

rnal of Political Science, the British Journal of Political Science, International Organization, andthe Journal of Conflict Resolution.Karsten Donnay is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. His research uses detailed, disaggregated dat

a on empirical violence and a range of statistical and computational modeling techniques to study micro-level conflict processes. Focusing mainly on asymmetric intrastate conflict, he has worked on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict--Jerusalem in particular--and the conflict in Iraq.Laura Dugan is a P

rofessor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland. She is a Co-Principal Investigator for the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and the Government Actions in Terrorist Environments (GATE) dataset. Her research examines the consequences of violence and the eff

icacy of violence prevention/intervention policy and practice. She received an MS/PhD in Public Policy and Management and an MS in Statistics from Carnegie Mellon University.Hanne Fjelde is an Associate Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research fo

cuses on the relationship between political institutions and organized violence, civil war dynamics, and violence against civilians. Her recent publications include articles in Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, British Journal of Political Science, and Political Geography.Au

de-Emmanuelle Fleurant is Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure (AMEX) Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) in Sweden. Before joining SIPRI in 2014, she directed the Arms and Defense Economics research group at Paris-based Military Academy Strategic Resea

rch Institute. Previously, she headed the market intelligence brand on defense and security issues for Technopole Défense & Sécurity, She has authored several articles on the arms industry and military expenditure and taught undergraduate and graduate classes in international relations and global de

fense political economy. She received her PhD in Political Science from the Université du Québec à MontréalMark Gibney is the Carol Belk Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville and the inaugural Raoul Wallenberg Visiting Chair at the Faculty of Law at Lund University (S

weden) and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute. Recent book projects include International Human Rights Law: Returning to Universal Principles (2015); The SAGE Handbook of Human Rights (2014); Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations (2014); and Watching Human Rights: The 101 Best Films (2013).K

ristian Skrede Gleditsch is Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex and a Research Associate at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). His research interests include conflict and cooperation, democratization, and spatial dimensions of social and political processes. R

ecent publications include Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2013, with Lars-Erik Cederman and Halvard Buhaug) and articles in the American Political Science Review, International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Peace Research, and World Pol

itics.Peter Haschke is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina Asheville and a principal investigator with the Political Terror Scale project. His current research explores mechanisms of state perpetrated violence in democracies. He teaches courses in comparat

ive politics, electoral systems, conflict, violence, and human rights, as well as political methodology. He received his PhD from the University of Rochester.Lisa Hultman is an Associate Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research focuses in particu

lar on the protection of civilians by international actors and her broader interests include topics related to peacekeeping and violence against civilians. Her recent publications include articles in American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolu

tion, and Journal of Peace Research.Madhav Joshi is a Research Assistant Professor and Associate Director of the Peace Accords Matrix Project at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. His current research explores peace processes, peace agreement

design and implementation in civil wars, quality peace and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal. He has published articles in journals such as the Journal of Peace Research, Journal of Conflict Resolutions, International Interactions, International Studies Perspective, and International Peacekeeping, Inte

rnational Studies Quarterly, and Social Science Quarterly. He received his PhD from University of North Texas.Patricia Justino convenes the Conflict and Violence cluster at the Institute of Development Studies (UK). She is co-founder and co-director of the Households in Conflict Network (www.hicn.or

g) and was the Director of MICROCON (www.microconflict.eu). She is a development economist specializing in applied microeconomics. Her current research work focuses on the impact of violence and conflict on household welfare and local institutional structures, the microfoundations of violent conflic

t and the implications of violence for economic development.Roudabeh Kishi is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Sussex, affiliated with the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project as well as the Geographies of Political Violence Across African States project. In addition, she is cur

rently a Visiting Researcher at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law at the University of Texas at Austin. She is also an associated researcher with the Aiding Resilience project at the University of Maryland. Her work focuses on conflict patterns in Africa and the impact

of foreign aid on conflict dynamics.Anupma Kulkarni is a Fellow at the Stanford Center for International Conflict and Negotiation. Her research focuses on the impact of truth commissions, international and national war crimes prosecutions, and reconciliation policies in Africa. She co-directs the We

st African Transitional Justice Project and the Liberia Reconciliation Barometer Initiative. She is currently working on two book projects: and The Arc of Transitional Justice: Violent Conflict, Its Victims & Redress in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone (with David Backer) and Demons and Demo

s: Truth, Accountability and Democracy in Post-Apartheid South Africa. She received her PhD in Political Science from Stanford University.Gary LaFree is Director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and a Distinguished Scholar and Professor of Crim

inology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland. He is currently a Fellow of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) and a member of the National Academy of Science’s Crime, Law and Justice Committee. He has served as President of the ASC and of the ASC’s Division on International Crimi

nology. Much of his ongoing research is on the causes and consequences of violent crime and terrorism.Andrew M. Linke is a faculty member in the Department of Geography at the University of Utah. His research investigates violent conflict, political geography, and the effects of environmental change

in Kenya using GIS and spatial analysis, large population surveys, and qualitative fieldwork. His recent articles have been published in Global Environmental Change, Political Geography, International Interactions, International Studies Review, and other peer-reviewed academic journals. He complete

d his PhD in Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder in 2013.Brad Parks is the Co-Executive Director of AidData and Research Faculty at the College of William and Mary’s Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations. His research is focused on aid allocation and impact, de

velopment policy and practice, and the design and implementation of policy and institutional reforms in low income and lower-middle income countries. His publications include Greening Aid? Understanding the Environmental Impact of Development Assistance (Oxford University Press) and A Climate of Inj

ustice: Global Inequality, North-South Politics, and Climate Policy (MIT Press). Brad holds a PhD in International Relations and an M.Sc. in Development Management from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Yannick Quéau is executive director of OSINTPOL, a think tank based in Paris.

He is a senior researcher on armaments, his fields of interest covering conventional arms production, acquisition processes, transfers and control and nuclear deterrence. He is an associate researcher with the Research and Information Group on Peace and Security (Groupe de recherche et d’informatio

n sur la paix et la sécurité - GRIP) based in Brussels. Previously, he taught international relations, defense policies and military history at the Canadian Defence Academy. He holds diplomas from the University of Québec in Montréal (Canada) and the University of Bradford (UK).Jason Michael Quinn (

PhD, Comparative Politics, North Texas, 2010) is a Research Assistant Professor at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Quinn is a researcher for the Peace Accords Matrix Project and his research and teaching centers on civil conflict management, peace

agreement implementation, the duration of peace after civil wars. He has published research on these topics in Journal of Conflict Resolution, the　Journal of Peace Research,　Negotiation Journal,　Defense and Peace Economics, International Studies Perspectives　and　International Interactions. Clionadh

Raleigh is a Professor of Political Geography and Conflict at the University of Sussex. She is the creator and Director of the Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset project, an affiliate of the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo (PRIO), and an associated researcher with the Minerva C

CAPS project at the University of Texas. Her work focuses on African conflict patterns, the social and political consequences of climate change, and the political geography of developing states. She currently manages a European Research Council project on ＂Conflict Landscapes and Life Cycles,＂ which

tracks, models, and predicts local political violence patterns across Africa.Idean Salehyan is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas - Dallas and Co-Director of the Social Conflict Analysis Database. His research interests include civil and international conflict, r

efugee migration, and environmental security. He is the author of Rebels without Borders: Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics (Cornell University Press, 2009) and his articles appear in journals such as the American Journal of Political Science, World Politics, and International Organizatio

n. He received his PhD from the University of California, San Diego.Margareta Sollenberg is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research has focused on the relationship between foreign aid and armed conflict and various topics relating t

o conflict data collection. She has been involved in the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) for the past two decades and has published on UCDP data in Journal of Peace Research and SIPRI Yearbook among a range of venues.Håvard Strand is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University

of Oslo and Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). His research topics include the relationship between political institutions and armed conflict, conceptual problems in the study of armed conflict, and consequences of civil wars. His research is published in, inter alia, Am

erican Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Journal of Development Studies, Security Dialogue, and World Development. Michael J. Tierney is the George and Mary Hylton Professor of Government and the Director of the Institute for the Theory and Prac

tice of International Relations at the College of William and Mary. He teaches courses on international relations, international development, and international organizations. Dr. Tierney has published two books and over 25 journal articles. His current research focuses on public support for the use

of military force, subnational effects of development finance, the rise of new donors, such as China, Russia, and Brazil, and the conditions under which research in international relations shapes the real world of international relations. He completed his PhD from the University of California at San

Diego.Philip Verwimp holds the Marie and Alain Philippson Chair in Sustainable Human Development at the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, where he is also a fellow of ECARES. He specializes in studying economic causes and consequences of conflict at

the micro level. He is currently engaged in longitudinal studies of health, schooling and nutrition in Burundi, where he is the lead researcher in a partnership between his university and UNICEF-Burundi, involving impact evaluation. He has also done quantitative work on the death toll of the genocid

e and on the demography of post-genocide Rwanda. He obtained his PhD in Economics from the University of Leuven. In 2004, he received the Jacques Rozenberg Award from the Auschwitz Foundation for his dissertation.Manuel Vogt is a visiting post-doctoral research associate at Princeton University (201

5-2016). He is the executive manager of the Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) Core dataset. His research interests include ethnic conflict, mobilization, and inequality in multi-ethnic societies, (post-conflict) democratization, and Latin American and African politics. He has conducted field research in

Ecuador, Gabon, Guatemala, and Ivory Coast. His academic publications have appeared or are forthcoming in the Journal of Conflict Resolution and Latin American Politics and Society. He received his PhD from ETH Zürich.Reed M. Wood is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arizona State Unive

rsity. His is also co-manager of the Political Terror Scale (PTS), an index of state violations of physical integrity rights. Among his areas of specialization are human rights, state repression, civil conflict, and conflict management. His current research focuses primarily on the dynamics of viole

nce during internal armed conflict, including female recruitment into insurgent movements and their roles within these groups. He received his PhD from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

A universal scale of進入發燒排行的影片

以疾病不確定感理論發展整合性心動健康網路照顧模式提升心房顫動病人因應策略之成效探討

為了解決A universal scale of的問題，作者謝慧玲 這樣論述：

正文目錄正文目錄『表』目錄 IV『圖』目錄 V『附錄』目錄 VII中文摘要 VIII英文摘要 X第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景、動機及重要性 1 第二節 研究目的 7第二章 文獻查證 8 第一節 心房顫動疾病簡介 8 第二節 疾病不確定感理論 15 第三節 疾病不確定感相關研究 22 第四節 整合性健康網路照顧模式的發展及運用 31第三章 研究架構與假設 36 第一節 研究架構 36 第二節 研究假設 37 第三節 名詞界定 38第四章 研究方法與過程 43 第一節 研究設計 43 第二節 研究對象及場所 45 第三節 研究工具 46

第四節 研究工具之信效度檢定 52 第五節 研究過程 59 第六節 研究倫量 63 第七節 資料處理與統計分析 64第五章 研究結果 66 第一節 心房顫動病人的基本屬性68 第二節 心房顫動病人的症狀困擾、疾病知識、社會支持、疾病不確定感、因應策略及心理困擾之前後測情形 76 第三節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於心房顫動病人症狀困擾、疾病知識、社會支持、疾病不確定感、因應策略及心理困擾之成效 85第六章 討論 107 第一節 心房顫動病人的基本屬性現況分析 108 第二節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人症狀困擾之成效 111

第三節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人疾病知識之成效 113 第四節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人社會支持之成效 115 第五節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人疾病不確定感之成效 117 第六節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人因應策略之成效 119 第七節 介入「整合性心動健康網路照顧模式」對於改善心房顫動病人心理困擾之成效 121 第八節 研究限制 124第七章 結論與建議 125 第一節 結論 125 第二節 建議 127參考文獻 129附錄 141『表』目錄表1. 資料處理

與分析 65表2. 心房顫動病人之人口基本屬性 70表3. 心房顫動病人的疾病特性 74表4. 心房顫動病人症狀困擾、疾病知識、社會支持、疾病不確定感、因應策略及心理困擾之前測與後測結果 83表5. 以 GEE 方法探討整合性心動健康網路照顧模式於心房顫動病人症狀困擾改變之成效 86表6. 以 GEE 方法探討整合性心動健康網路照顧模式於心房顫動病人疾病知識改變之成效 89表7. 以GEE方法探討整合性心動健康網路照顧模式於心房顫動病人社會支持改變之成效 92表8. 以GEE方法探討整合性心動健康網路照顧模式對於心房顫動病人疾病不確定感之改變成效 95表9. 以GEE方法探討整合性心動健康網路

照顧模式對於心房顫動病人因應策略改變之成效 98表10. 以GEE方法探討整合性心動健康網路照顧模式對於心房顫動病人心理困擾改變之成效 103『圖』目錄圖1. 不確定感理論架構 21圖2. 研究架構圖 36圖3. 研究設計 44圖4. 流程圖 67圖5. 兩組在第三版症狀頻率-嚴重程度評估量表之症狀頻率次量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 87圖6. 兩組在心房顫動知識量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 90圖7. 兩組在醫療社會支持量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 93圖8. 兩組在中文版Mishel疾病不確定感量表平

均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 96圖9. 兩組在簡易因應量表之應對因應策略次量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 99圖10. 兩組在簡易因應量表之迴避因應策略次量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 100圖11. 兩組在醫院焦慮憂鬱量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 104圖12. 兩組在醫院焦慮憂鬱量表之焦慮次量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 105圖13. 兩組在醫院焦慮憂鬱量表之憂鬱次量表平均分數於前測、後測第一個月、第三個月與第六個月的變化 106『附錄』目錄附錄一

心房顫動病人基本屬性量表 附錄一附錄二 第三版症狀頻率-嚴重程度評估量表之症狀頻率次量表 附錄二附錄三 心房顫動知識量表 附錄三附錄四 醫療社會支持量表 附錄四附錄五 中文版Mishel疾病不確定感量表 附錄五附錄六 簡易因應量表 附錄六附錄七 醫院憂鬱焦慮量表 附錄七

Peace and Conflict 2018

為了解決A universal scale of的問題，作者Backer, David (EDT)/ Bhavnani, Ravinder (EDT)/ Huth, Paul (EDT) 這樣論述：

An authoritative source of information on violent conflicts and peacebuilding processes around the world, Peace and Conflict is an annual publication of the University of Maryland's Center for International Development and Conflict Management and the Graduate Institute of International and Developme

nt Studies (Geneva).The contents of the 2018 edition are divided into three sections: Global Patterns and Trends provides an overview of recent advances in scholarly research on various aspects of conflict and peace, as well as chapters on armed conflict, violence against civilians, non-state armed

actors, democracy and ethnic exclusion, terrorism, defense spending and arms production and procurement, peace agreements, state repression, foreign aid, and the results of the Peace & Conflict Instability Ledger, which ranks the status and progress of more than 160 countries based on their forecast

ed risk of future instability.Special Feature spotlights work on measuring micro-level welfare effects of exposure to conflict. Profiles has been enlarged to survey developments in instances of civil wars, peacekeeping missions, and international criminal justice proceedings that were active around

the world during 2015.Frequent visualizations of data in full-color, large-format tables, graphs, and maps bring the analysis to life and amplify crucial developments in real-world events and the latest findings in research.The contributors include many leading scholars in the field from the US and

Europe. EDITORSDavid A. Backer is a Research Associate Professor and Assistant Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management, as well as Director of the Minor in International Development and Conflict Management, at the University of Maryland. His research focuses on

conflict dynamics and post-conflict processes. He is Co-Director of the West Africa Transitional Justice Project and the Constituency-Level Elections Archive.Ravi Bhavnani　is a Professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Switzerland). His research explores the micr

o-foundations of violence, examining the endogenous relationships among the characteristics, beliefs, and interests of relevant actors, as well as social mechanisms and emergent structures that shape attitudes, decision making, and behavior. He uses agent-based modeling and disaggregated empirical d

ata to link theoretical conjectures to concrete evidence, thereby identifying processes that tend to generate specific outcomes.Paul K. Huth is a Professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland and Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management. He is

also editor of the Journal of Conflict Resolution. He has published books and widely in journals on subjects related to the study of international conflict and war, including deterrence behavior, crisis decision making, territorial disputes, the democratic peace, international law and dispute resol

ution, and the civilian consequences of war.CONTRIBUTORSCaroline Bergeron is the Partnership Associate at AidData and a mediator, certified by the Commonwealth of Virginia. Her academic interests include conflict analysis, conflict resolution methods, conflict prevention, negotiation and transitiona

l justice in the international system. She holds a BA in Psychology from the University of Virginia.Nils-Christian Bormann is a Lecturer at the University of Exeter. Research interests include ethnic coalitions, horizontal inequality, and civil wars. His work has been published with or is forthcomin

g in the Journal of Conflict Resolution, the Journal of Peace Research, and Electoral Studies. He received his PhD from ETH Zürich in 2014.Tilman Brück is Professor and Team Leader - Development Economics at IGZ - Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Horticultural Crops near Berlin. He is also the Fo

under and Director of the ISDC - International Security and Development Center in Berlin, Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), and the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the Households in Conflict Network (HiCN), a global research network. His research interes

ts focus on the economics of household behavior and well-being in conflict-affected and fragile economies, including the measurement of violence and conflict in household surveys and the impact evaluation of peace-building programs in conflict-affected areas and of humanitarian assistance. He studie

d economics at Glasgow University and Oxford University and obtained his PhD in economics from Oxford University.Halvard Buhaug is Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Director of PRIO’s Conditions of Violence and Peace department; Professor of Political Science at the Nor

wegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research. He leads and has directed research projects on security dimensions of climate change and geographic aspects of armed conflict. Recent publications include the co-authored Inequality, Grievances

, and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and journal articles in Global Environmental Change, International Security, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Political Geography, and PNAS. He is the recipient of the 2015 Karl Deutsch Award and an ERC Consolidator Grant.Lars-Erik Cederman is Profes

sor of International Conflict Research, ETH Zürich. His interests include nationalism, ethnic conflict, democratization, and state formation. He is the (co-)author of Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States Develop and Dissolve (Princeton University Press, 1997), Inequality, Grievances and Civ

il War (Cambridge University Press, 2013), and recent articles in the American Political Science Review, International Organization, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, and World Politics.Deniz Cil is a PhD candidate in Government and Politics at the University of Maryland and

a Research Assistant on a project, funded by the Minerva Initiative of the US Department of Defense, to study the effect of foreign aid on different phases of civil conflict. Her main research focuses on the implementation of peace agreements following civil wars, and explores variation in the degr

ee of implementation and the factors that incentivize parties to continue implementation. She also works on peace process outcomes, peace duration, and civilian organization in wartime.David E. Cunningham is an Associate Professor in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Mar

yland and a Research Associate at the Peace Research Institute Oslo. His research focuses on civil war, conflict bargaining, conflict management and international security. He is the author of Barriers to Peace in Civil Wars (Cambridge University Press, 2011), as well as articles in the American Jou

rnal of Political Science, the British Journal of Political Science, International Organization, andthe Journal of Conflict Resolution.Karsten Donnay is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. His research uses detailed, disaggregated dat

a on empirical violence and a range of statistical and computational modeling techniques to study micro-level conflict processes. Focusing mainly on asymmetric intrastate conflict, he has worked on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict--Jerusalem in particular--and the conflict in Iraq.Laura Dugan is a P

rofessor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland. She is a Co-Principal Investigator for the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and the Government Actions in Terrorist Environments (GATE) dataset. Her research examines the consequences of violence and the eff

icacy of violence prevention/intervention policy and practice. She received an MS/PhD in Public Policy and Management and an MS in Statistics from Carnegie Mellon University.Hanne Fjelde is an Associate Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research fo

cuses on the relationship between political institutions and organized violence, civil war dynamics, and violence against civilians. Her recent publications include articles in Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, British Journal of Political Science, and Political Geography.Au

de-Emmanuelle Fleurant is Director of the Arms and Military Expenditure (AMEX) Programme at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) in Sweden. Before joining SIPRI in 2014, she directed the Arms and Defense Economics research group at Paris-based Military Academy Strategic Resea

rch Institute. Previously, she headed the market intelligence brand on defense and security issues for Technopole Défense & Sécurity, She has authored several articles on the arms industry and military expenditure and taught undergraduate and graduate classes in international relations and global de

fense political economy. She received her PhD in Political Science from the Université du Québec à MontréalMark Gibney is the Carol Belk Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville and the inaugural Raoul Wallenberg Visiting Chair at the Faculty of Law at Lund University (S

weden) and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute. Recent book projects include International Human Rights Law: Returning to Universal Principles (2015); The SAGE Handbook of Human Rights (2014); Litigating Transnational Human Rights Obligations (2014); and Watching Human Rights: The 101 Best Films (2013).K

ristian Skrede Gleditsch is Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Essex and a Research Associate at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). His research interests include conflict and cooperation, democratization, and spatial dimensions of social and political processes. R

ecent publications include Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2013, with Lars-Erik Cederman and Halvard Buhaug) and articles in the American Political Science Review, International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Peace Research, and World Pol

itics.Peter Haschke is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina Asheville and a principal investigator with the Political Terror Scale project. His current research explores mechanisms of state perpetrated violence in democracies. He teaches courses in comparat

ive politics, electoral systems, conflict, violence, and human rights, as well as political methodology. He received his PhD from the University of Rochester.Lisa Hultman is an Associate Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research focuses in particu

lar on the protection of civilians by international actors and her broader interests include topics related to peacekeeping and violence against civilians. Her recent publications include articles in American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolu

tion, and Journal of Peace Research.Madhav Joshi is a Research Assistant Professor and Associate Director of the Peace Accords Matrix Project at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. His current research explores peace processes, peace agreement

design and implementation in civil wars, quality peace and the Maoist insurgency in Nepal. He has published articles in journals such as the Journal of Peace Research, Journal of Conflict Resolutions, International Interactions, International Studies Perspective, and International Peacekeeping, Inte

rnational Studies Quarterly, and Social Science Quarterly. He received his PhD from University of North Texas.Patricia Justino convenes the Conflict and Violence cluster at the Institute of Development Studies (UK). She is co-founder and co-director of the Households in Conflict Network (www.hicn.or

g) and was the Director of MICROCON (www.microconflict.eu). She is a development economist specializing in applied microeconomics. Her current research work focuses on the impact of violence and conflict on household welfare and local institutional structures, the microfoundations of violent conflic

t and the implications of violence for economic development.Roudabeh Kishi is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Sussex, affiliated with the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project as well as the Geographies of Political Violence Across African States project. In addition, she is cur

rently a Visiting Researcher at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law at the University of Texas at Austin. She is also an associated researcher with the Aiding Resilience project at the University of Maryland. Her work focuses on conflict patterns in Africa and the impact

of foreign aid on conflict dynamics.Anupma Kulkarni is a Fellow at the Stanford Center for International Conflict and Negotiation. Her research focuses on the impact of truth commissions, international and national war crimes prosecutions, and reconciliation policies in Africa. She co-directs the We

st African Transitional Justice Project and the Liberia Reconciliation Barometer Initiative. She is currently working on two book projects: and The Arc of Transitional Justice: Violent Conflict, Its Victims & Redress in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone (with David Backer) and Demons and Demo

s: Truth, Accountability and Democracy in Post-Apartheid South Africa. She received her PhD in Political Science from Stanford University.Gary LaFree is Director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and a Distinguished Scholar and Professor of Crim

inology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland. He is currently a Fellow of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) and a member of the National Academy of Science’s Crime, Law and Justice Committee. He has served as President of the ASC and of the ASC’s Division on International Crimi

nology. Much of his ongoing research is on the causes and consequences of violent crime and terrorism.Andrew M. Linke is a faculty member in the Department of Geography at the University of Utah. His research investigates violent conflict, political geography, and the effects of environmental change

in Kenya using GIS and spatial analysis, large population surveys, and qualitative fieldwork. His recent articles have been published in Global Environmental Change, Political Geography, International Interactions, International Studies Review, and other peer-reviewed academic journals. He complete

d his PhD in Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder in 2013.Brad Parks is the Co-Executive Director of AidData and Research Faculty at the College of William and Mary’s Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations. His research is focused on aid allocation and impact, de

velopment policy and practice, and the design and implementation of policy and institutional reforms in low income and lower-middle income countries. His publications include Greening Aid? Understanding the Environmental Impact of Development Assistance (Oxford University Press) and A Climate of Inj

ustice: Global Inequality, North-South Politics, and Climate Policy (MIT Press). Brad holds a PhD in International Relations and an M.Sc. in Development Management from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Yannick Quéau is executive director of OSINTPOL, a think tank based in Paris.

He is a senior researcher on armaments, his fields of interest covering conventional arms production, acquisition processes, transfers and control and nuclear deterrence. He is an associate researcher with the Research and Information Group on Peace and Security (Groupe de recherche et d’informatio

n sur la paix et la sécurité - GRIP) based in Brussels. Previously, he taught international relations, defense policies and military history at the Canadian Defence Academy. He holds diplomas from the University of Québec in Montréal (Canada) and the University of Bradford (UK).Jason Michael Quinn (

PhD, Comparative Politics, North Texas, 2010) is a Research Assistant Professor at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Quinn is a researcher for the Peace Accords Matrix Project and his research and teaching centers on civil conflict management, peace

agreement implementation, the duration of peace after civil wars. He has published research on these topics in Journal of Conflict Resolution, the　Journal of Peace Research,　Negotiation Journal,　Defense and Peace Economics, International Studies Perspectives　and　International Interactions. Clionadh

Raleigh is a Professor of Political Geography and Conflict at the University of Sussex. She is the creator and Director of the Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset project, an affiliate of the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo (PRIO), and an associated researcher with the Minerva C

CAPS project at the University of Texas. Her work focuses on African conflict patterns, the social and political consequences of climate change, and the political geography of developing states. She currently manages a European Research Council project on ＂Conflict Landscapes and Life Cycles,＂ which

tracks, models, and predicts local political violence patterns across Africa.Idean Salehyan is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas - Dallas and Co-Director of the Social Conflict Analysis Database. His research interests include civil and international conflict, r

efugee migration, and environmental security. He is the author of Rebels without Borders: Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics (Cornell University Press, 2009) and his articles appear in journals such as the American Journal of Political Science, World Politics, and International Organizatio

n. He received his PhD from the University of California, San Diego.Margareta Sollenberg is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Her research has focused on the relationship between foreign aid and armed conflict and various topics relating t

o conflict data collection. She has been involved in the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) for the past two decades and has published on UCDP data in Journal of Peace Research and SIPRI Yearbook among a range of venues.Håvard Strand is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University

of Oslo and Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). His research topics include the relationship between political institutions and armed conflict, conceptual problems in the study of armed conflict, and consequences of civil wars. His research is published in, inter alia, Am

erican Journal of Political Science, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Journal of Development Studies, Security Dialogue, and World Development. Michael J. Tierney is the George and Mary Hylton Professor of Government and the Director of the Institute for the Theory and Prac

tice of International Relations at the College of William and Mary. He teaches courses on international relations, international development, and international organizations. Dr. Tierney has published two books and over 25 journal articles. His current research focuses on public support for the use

of military force, subnational effects of development finance, the rise of new donors, such as China, Russia, and Brazil, and the conditions under which research in international relations shapes the real world of international relations. He completed his PhD from the University of California at San

Diego.Philip Verwimp holds the Marie and Alain Philippson Chair in Sustainable Human Development at the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, where he is also a fellow of ECARES. He specializes in studying economic causes and consequences of conflict at

the micro level. He is currently engaged in longitudinal studies of health, schooling and nutrition in Burundi, where he is the lead researcher in a partnership between his university and UNICEF-Burundi, involving impact evaluation. He has also done quantitative work on the death toll of the genocid

e and on the demography of post-genocide Rwanda. He obtained his PhD in Economics from the University of Leuven. In 2004, he received the Jacques Rozenberg Award from the Auschwitz Foundation for his dissertation.Manuel Vogt is a visiting post-doctoral research associate at Princeton University (201

5-2016). He is the executive manager of the Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) Core dataset. His research interests include ethnic conflict, mobilization, and inequality in multi-ethnic societies, (post-conflict) democratization, and Latin American and African politics. He has conducted field research in

Ecuador, Gabon, Guatemala, and Ivory Coast. His academic publications have appeared or are forthcoming in the Journal of Conflict Resolution and Latin American Politics and Society. He received his PhD from ETH Zürich.Reed M. Wood is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arizona State Unive

rsity. His is also co-manager of the Political Terror Scale (PTS), an index of state violations of physical integrity rights. Among his areas of specialization are human rights, state repression, civil conflict, and conflict management. His current research focuses primarily on the dynamics of viole

nce during internal armed conflict, including female recruitment into insurgent movements and their roles within these groups. He received his PhD from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師工作壓力與運動參與之研究

為了解決A universal scale of的問題，作者王珮淇 這樣論述：

　　本研究目的在瞭解臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師工作壓力以及運動參與之現況，並探討在不同背景變項之下，工作壓力與運動參與之差異情形，進而探討幼兒園教師工作壓力與運動參與之關聯性。本研究採問卷調查法，使用「幼兒園教師工作壓力量表」、「運動參與現況問卷」作為研究工具，針對109學年度臺南市公立國小附幼兒園教師為研究樣本，共發放問卷358份。使用SPSS22.0版for Windows套裝軟體進行分析，回收資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、皮爾森績差相關、雪費法事後比較等方式加以分析，所結果如下：一、 臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師工作壓力現況趨近中等程度，以「工作回饋」及

「班級教學」層面的壓力感受程度最高，其次為「工作負荷」，而在「人際關係」層面的壓力感受度最低。性別、年齡、教學年資、擔任職務背景變項在工作壓力上有顯著差異，以男性教師、40歲以下教師、教學年資15年以下及教師兼任行政之教師，知覺工作壓力感受較高。二、臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師運動參與程度現況偏中低程度。性別、年齡、教學年資背景變項在運動參與上有顯著差異，以男性教師、51歲以上教師及教學年資21年以上之教師有較高的運動參與。三、臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師工作壓力與運動參與呈現負相關，顯示臺南市公立國小附設幼兒園教師工作壓力愈高，運動參與程度愈低；反之，工作壓力愈低，運動參與愈高。